What Math Is on the ACT?

Written by Alan Hair, Founder, Bridgepath AI Solutions · Updated October 30, 2026

The ACT Math test covers number and quantity, algebra, functions, geometry (including basic trigonometry), and statistics and probability. It is one section: 45 questions in 50 minutes, four answer choices each, and no formula sheet. There is no calculus. Everything is multiple choice, so there are no fill-in answers. This guide walks through every topic area, shows what each one actually asks, and tells you what to study for it.

Two facts shape how you prepare. First, the test rewards recall: there is no formula sheet, so the handful of basic formulas that recur have to live in your head. Many questions that need a complex or unfamiliar formula, such as the law of sines, include it in the question. Second, it rewards speed on easy points: the questions roughly climb in difficulty, so the early ones are fast if your fundamentals are solid. Know the topics, memorize the core formulas, and protect the time you bank on the easy half.

The 2026 ACT Math test at a glance

45 questions, 50 minutes (about 67 seconds per question).
Four answer choices per question (the enhanced format dropped the old fifth choice).
No formula sheet — basic formulas are assumed knowledge.
Calculator allowed on the whole section. The digital test has an on-screen Desmos calculator, and you may bring an approved physical one. See the ACT calculator policy.
All multiple choice — no grid-ins. See does the ACT have grid-in questions?
Math counts toward your Composite (the average of English, Math, and Reading). See how the ACT is scored.

How ACT organizes the math

On your score report, ACT sorts Math into three reporting categories. You do not need to memorize these, but they tell you where the test puts its weight:

Preparing for Higher Math. The large majority of the section. This is the newer math you learn once algebra becomes a general tool, and it splits into five areas: Number & Quantity, Algebra, Functions, Geometry, and Statistics & Probability.
Integrating Essential Skills. A smaller slice that revisits earlier-grade math — rates, percentages, proportions, area and volume, averages — but in multi-step, applied problems.
Modeling. Not a separate set of questions but a cross-cutting tag for items that ask you to build, read, or refine a model. These also count in one of the categories above.

The practical takeaway: higher-math content dominates, and applied "essential skills" problems are a real but smaller share. Below is the topic-by-topic map of what shows up.

The topics, one by one

Area	What it asks	Study priority
Number & Quantity	Integers, fractions, ratios, absolute value, integer and rational exponents and roots, the real and complex number systems, and vectors and matrices.	Fundamentals: fast points if automatic
Algebra	Linear equations and inequalities, systems (including simple matrix equations), quadratics, factoring, polynomial, radical, and exponential equations, and expressions you solve, graph, or model.	High: the backbone of the test
Functions	Function notation and evaluation, domain and range, reading graphs, transforming, composing, and inverting functions, sequences and series, and the behavior of linear, quadratic, polynomial, radical, piecewise, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions.	High
Geometry	Lines and angles, triangles, congruence and similarity, circles, area, perimeter, surface area and volume, coordinate geometry, equations of conic sections, and trigonometry: the ratios in right triangles and in general triangles (an unusual formula such as the law of sines is given in the question).	High
Statistics & Probability	Mean, median, mode, range, reading data displays, data collection methods, relationships in bivariate data, margin of error, and probability, expected value, and counting (permutations and combinations).	Medium
Essential skills (applied)	Rates, percentages, proportional reasoning, averages, and area/volume in multi-step word problems.	Medium — easy to miss when rushed

This is a content map, not a scoring table — ACT does not publish a fixed number of questions per topic, and you should not study to a quota. Study to mastery of the fundamentals plus the formulas you must supply yourself.

What is not on the test

No calculus (no derivatives, integrals, or limits). Trigonometry stays at ratios, basic identities, and trig graphs; any unusual formula, such as the law of sines, is given in the question. If a problem feels like it needs college math, you are overcomplicating it. There is always an algebra or arithmetic route.

The formulas you must memorize (because there is no formula sheet)

The single highest-value math prep is making these automatic, since no formula sheet is provided:

Slope = (y₂ − y₁) / (x₂ − x₁); slope-intercept form y = mx + b.
Quadratic formula and basic factoring.
Right-triangle trig: SOHCAHTOA (sin = opp/hyp, cos = adj/hyp, tan = opp/adj); the Pythagorean theorem a² + b² = c².
Special right triangles (45-45-90 and 30-60-90) and common Pythagorean triples (3-4-5, 5-12-13).
Area of a triangle (½bh) and a circle (πr²); circumference (2πr).
Distance and midpoint formulas; average = sum ÷ count.

The full list with worked uses is in the ACT math formulas to memorize.

How to study ACT Math

Take a timed diagnostic first. Sort your misses into "did not know it" (content gaps) and "knew it but blew it" (careless or timing). Aim your study at whichever topics produce the most of the first kind. See how to study for the ACT.
Memorize the core formulas cold. Brain-dump them on scratch paper in the first minute of every practice session until it is automatic.
Bank the easy half. Questions climb in difficulty. Move quickly and accurately through the early ones so you have time for the harder back end. Internalize the ~67-second pace from the ACT pacing strategy guide.
Use backsolving and plugging in. With only four numeric choices, you can often test answers instead of solving from scratch — start from the middle value and adjust.
Never leave a blank. There is no penalty for a wrong answer, so an educated guess always beats nothing.

Practice: one question from each major area

Four original, ACT-style items spanning algebra/functions, geometry and trigonometry, statistics, and applied essential skills. Pick an answer before you open the explanation. No calculator needed.

1. Functions. If f(x) = 2x² − 3x + 1, what is f(−2)?

F. −1
G. 3
H. 11
J. 15

Answer: J. Substitute −2 for x: 2(−2)² − 3(−2) + 1 = 2(4) + 6 + 1 = 8 + 6 + 1 = 15. The trap is sign errors: (−2)² is +4, and −3 times −2 is +6. Function notation and careful signs are core ACT Math.

2. Geometry / trigonometry. In right triangle ABC, the right angle is at C. The side opposite angle A has length 6 and the hypotenuse has length 10. What is sin A?

A. 3/5
B. 4/5
C. 3/4
D. 5/3

Answer: A. SOHCAHTOA: sine = opposite / hypotenuse = 6/10 = 3/5. (The third side is 8, so cos A = 8/10 = 4/5 and tan A = 6/8 = 3/4 — the other choices are those ratios, the classic distractors.) The ACT gives you no trig formula sheet, so the sine-cosine-tangent ratios must be memorized.

3. Statistics & probability. A bag holds 3 red, 4 blue, and 5 green marbles. If one marble is drawn at random, what is the probability it is not green?

A. 5/12
B. 7/12
C. 5/7
D. 1/2

Answer: B. There are 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 marbles. Not green means red or blue: 3 + 4 = 7. So the probability is 7/12. The trap is answering 5/12 (the probability it is green). "Not" questions reward reading the prompt carefully.

4. Essential skills (percent). A jacket priced at $80 is marked down 25%. What is the sale price?

F. $20
G. $55
H. $60
J. $65

Answer: H. A 25% discount means you pay 75% of the price: 80 × 0.75 = $60. The trap is choice F, $20, which is the discount amount (80 × 0.25), not the sale price. Percentage word problems are classic Integrating Essential Skills items.

Drill these topics with instant feedback. The free app has original ACT Math practice questions with full explanations, a pace timer set to the 67-second target, a "redo my misses" queue, and a formula cheat sheet. Verified against ACT.org.

Practice ACT Math free

FAQ

What math topics are on the ACT?

ACT Math covers number and quantity, algebra, functions, geometry (including basic trigonometry), and statistics and probability. ACT groups these under three reporting categories: Preparing for Higher Math, Integrating Essential Skills, and Modeling. In practice that means pre-algebra and arithmetic, linear and quadratic algebra, functions and their graphs, coordinate and plane geometry, right-triangle trigonometry, and basic statistics and probability. There is no calculus.

Is there trigonometry on the ACT?

Yes, but only a small amount and only the basics. Expect right-triangle trigonometry (the sine, cosine, and tangent ratios, often remembered as SOHCAHTOA), and occasionally simple trig identities or graphs of trig functions. It is usually a handful of questions, so learn the core ratios cold rather than studying advanced trigonometry. Any unusual formula, such as the law of sines for non-right triangles, is given in the question.

Is calculus on the ACT?

No. ACT Math stops at topics typically covered through Algebra II and a little trigonometry and pre-calculus. There are no derivatives, integrals, or limits. If a problem looks like it needs calculus, you are overcomplicating it; there is always an algebra-or-arithmetic path to the answer.

Do I get a formula sheet on the ACT Math test?

No. The ACT provides no formula sheet, so the core formulas have to be memorized. A calculator is allowed on the Math section (the 2026 digital test includes an on-screen Desmos calculator and you may also bring an approved physical one), but it will not give you formulas. Drill the handful that recur until writing them is automatic. See the ACT math formulas to memorize.